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Drive systems
 

The primary functions of a variable speed AC drive, is to convert electrical power to the usable form for controlling speed, torque and direction of rotation of AC motor

The AC drive system basically splits into two sections:

Power electronics: In the power circuit the three phase incoming AC power is rectified to DC and then inverted to AC of desired frequency & voltage. This consists of surge suppresser circuit, line communicated converter (controlled or uncontrolled rectifier), pre-charging unit, DC link capacitor unit with bleeder resistor inverter, etc.

Control circuitry: The control circuitry monitors &controls the whole working of the drive. It regulates the output voltage, process the feedback, the fault and interlocks the inverter by tripping it in case of any fault. The mode of operation of AC drives are mainly classified into two types: Constant V / f and Vector control.

   
  Advantages of variable frequency drives:
 
Feature Benefits
Soft starting

Reduced impact on electrical network means no penalties from utility

Reduced stress on motor, coupling and load, giving extended life time

Unlimited number of starts per hour

Precise speed and torque control

Better product quality

improved cost of ownership

Better protection of motor (e.g. stall protection and load)

Consistent product quality, despite input power variations and sudden load changes

Wide speed control range

Improved efficiency compared to traditional flow control methods e.g. damper control, throttling

lower maintenance

High reliability and availability

Reduced downtime

Improved process availability

Low audible noise

Improved working environment for operators

Capability for speed reversal / regenerative braking

Desired torque during braking, therefore better product quality

improved braking characteristics

Higher efficiency

Flux optimisation (motor flux automatically adapted to load)

Improved motor efficiency

Reduced motor noise

Power loss ride through

Reduced number of drive trips

Better process availability

Automatic start (drive can catch a spinning load)

Reduced waiting time

Reduced downtime

Energy saving AC drives can be retroffied to standard induction motors, to provide substantial energy savings
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